Lesson 8
A. Verb and indirect object : Give her a book. Give a
Book to her
B. Past tense forms of irregular verbs : eat, ate : give, gave.
A.1. Notice the position of to Mary and Mary
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NOTE : The opposite of to is expressed by from in sentence like “ He borrowed something from us.” Verb like demand, steal, and take are usedin this way. The preposition from in such cases cannot be omitted. i.e only pattern A is possible.
NOTE TO THE TEACHER. In order to simlifify the presentation, the following exercise requires the students to master only one pattern for production : the patten with to. The other pattern can also be practiced if Exercise I is changed so that the stimulus sentences include the preposition to. For example :
John often gives books to Mary. JOHN OFTEN GIBES MARY BOOKS.
Exercise 1. Form sentences which include to and the indirect object me.
John often gives Mary books. HE NEVER GIVES ANY BOOKS
TO ME
John often writes Mary letters HE NEVER WRITES ANY LETTERS
TO ME
1. Jonh often sells Mary pencils
2. Jonh sometimes lends Mary books
3. John sometime brings Mary Flowers
4. John some times gives Mary news papers
5. John some times reads Mary his letters.
6. John sometimes reads Mary his letters
7. John sometimes lends Mary his books.
8. John often teaches Mary new wors
Exercise 2. For advanced students. When the direct object is a personal pronoun like it or them, the indirect object usually has to with it (oattern A. ). It he follow. Ing exercise, answer the questions changing all the object noun pharases to pronouns. Use pattern A in your response, i.e., the pattern with to.
Is the going to give us YES, HE IS GOING TO GIVE IT TO US
The history book ? TOMORROW
Is the going to give Mr. Miller YES, HE IS GOING TO GIVE THEM TO
The new books? MR. MILLER TOMORROW
(YES, HE IS GOING TO GIVE THEM TO HIM
TOMORROW)
1. Is he going to read us the letter ?
2. Is he going to teach us the new words ?
3. Is he going to lend Mr. Miller his car ?
4. Is he going to tell Mr. Miller the news ?
5. Is he going to lend Mary his pen ?
6. Is he going to bring us the new
7. Is he going to pass Mr.Miller the butter ?
8. Is he going to read us the letter from Mr. Miller ?
9. Is he going to self to self Mr. Miller his car ?
10. Is he going to show us his new radio ?
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NOTE : There are only a very few verb like ask. Among them are cost, save change and wish
The book cost me ten dollars. The man changed me five dollars
John saved me fifteen dollars he wihed us a pleasant journey
Exercise 3. Add the name Mr.Miller to the following statements
He asked a question HE ASKED MR. MILLER A QUESTION
He asked his name HE ASKED MR. MILLER HIS NAME
1. He asked his address
2. He asked his telephone number
3. He asked some questions.
4. He asked a favor
5. He asked, what time is it ?”
6. He asked the time
7. He asked the name of the grammar book
8. He asked the price of the grammar book
A.3. Notice the usa of to with the verb explain
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ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
1. The teacher announced the students
2. We described our class to him
3. He introduction his father to us
4. He introductioned the money to Mr. miller
5. He didn’t prove anything to us
6. We repeated our names to him
7. He always says “Hello” to me
8. He is speaking English to me
9. He didn’t suggest anything to us
10. The students reported their progress to the teacher
Exercise 4. Practice the use of verb like explain and also the verb ask. Repeat the statements, and add us in the proper position.
He often speaks HE OFTEN SPEAKS TO US
He explained the lesson HE EXPLAINED THE LESSON TO US
He repeated it HE REPEATED IT TO US
He usually says “yes” HE USUALLY SAYS “YES” TO US
He asked, where “Where are you Going ?” HE ASKED US “WHERE ARE YOU GOING?”
They asked some questions THEY ASKED US SOME QUESTIONS
| 1. Mary introduced it 2. Mary usually says “hello” 3. Mary talked 4. She described her home 5. She introduced John. 6. John asked the way to Detroit 7. Mary asked our names 8. She announced her plans | 9. The director the English course 10. Mr. Gomez describedSouth America 11. He asked our telephone numbers 12. The people explained their customs 13. The repented the words 14. The teacher asked some question |
Exercise 5. Practice the us of verb like explain and also the verb ask. I isten to the verb and the statements after them. Include the words in the statements
The studens. Mary asked some MANY ASKED THE STUDENTS
questions SOME QUESTIONS
The students. John is explaining JOHN IS EXPLAINING A PROBLEM
a problem TO THE STUDENT
Him. I’m going to speak English I’M GOING TO SPEAK ENGLISH TO
HIM
Mr. Brown. I’m going to repeat I’M GOING TO REPEAT THE NEWS
the news TO MR. BROWN
Them. I asked some questions I ASKED THEAM SOME QUESTIONS
1. Us. He described South America
2. Us. She talked
3. The policemen. I asked the direction to Chicago
4. The boys. He asked their names
5. Me. She described her new dress
6. The teacher. We asked n question
7. Mary and me. They explained the customs of Argentina
8. John and Paul. He asked some questions
9. Mary. He always says “Hello”
10. The secretary. He repented the words
11. Mr. and Mrs. Brown. I’m going to ask a fren d
12. My. Father. I’m going to introduce you
13. Our frends. We’re going to describe our house
Excercise 6. Summary exercise for advanced students. Practice the use of these types of verb : (1) verbs like give, (2) ask, (3) webs like explain.]
He’s going to ask me a favor
The question HE’S GOING TO ASK ME THE QUESTION
Explain HE’S GOING TO EXPLAIN THE QUESTION TO ME
The letter HE’S GOING TO EXPALAIN THE LETTER TO ME
Read HE’S GOING TO RED THE LETTER TO ME
Me HE’S GOING TO READ ME THE LETTER
| 1. Send 2. To me 3. Give 4. Me 5. The sugar 6. Pass 7. To me 8. Sell 9. His car 10. Me | 11. Some books 12. To me 13. To us 14. They 15. Send 16. Us 17. Some letters 18. Some news 19. Tell 20. A story | 21. The answers 22. Explain 23. The questions 24. Ask 25. Repeat 26. Send 27. Us 28. The lesson 29. Explain 30. Give |
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NOTES :
(1) Two patterns are possible with verbs such as buy, only one petterns is possible with verbs such as open. However, in order to simplify the above discussions, the pattern with for should be emphasized. The pattern without for, e.g. “ ByMary a book”, can be mentioned as an alternative, important fr recognition but not for production.
(2) In the pattern of A.4 for usually means”for the benefit of” In addition. For sometimes means “in place of” or “instead of” as in “alice is writing my letters for me because my arn is broken”. This use of for cannot be expressed without the preposition.
Exercise 8. Change the sentences, using for or to
Please buy me a book PLEASE BUY A BOOK FOR ME
Please pass John the salt PLEASE PASS THE SALT TO JOHN
| 1. Please get Mary a chair 2. Please lend Mary a pencil 3. Please make John a sandwich 4. Please find Mr. miller a chair 5. Please give John a pen | 6. Please get John some books 7. Please buy Mary a cup of coffe 8. Please do John a favor 9. Please give the teacher the homework 10. Please teach the class new words |
Exercise 9. Summary exercise. Include the words in the statements. Use personal pronous for the subjects and indirect objects.
John. The teacher explain the SHE EXPLAINED THE LESSON TO
lesson HIM
Mary. The professor is going to HE’S GOING TO ASK HER SOME
ask some questions QUESTIONS
the professor. Mary going to ask SHE’S GOING TO ASK HIM SOME
some questions QUESTIONS
The patients. The doctor prescribed HE PRESCRIBED MEDICINE FOR
medicine THEM
1. John. The bank cashed a large check
2. John. Mary’s going to make a cake
3. Me. The doctor prescribed medicine
4. Me. Mr. Jones is going to give a book
5. Mr. Jones. I’m going to sell a house
6. John. I’m going to buy a cup of coffee
7. The director. I asked a favor
8. The professor. I asked a question
9. The children. I’m going to tell a story
10. The new students. The teacher explained the lesson
11. Mr. miller. I always say “How are you”
12. The engineers. I’m going to speak
13. The engineers. Mr. Wilson described Alaska
14. My mother. I’m going to write a letter
15. Me. My mother is going to write a letter
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ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES
Class : open your books and read all the following questions and answers in unison. Then close your books and answer the questions as the teacher reads them. (Two answers are possible)
| Did John eat an apple or an orange ? Did John give a book or a magazine ? Did John come last night or this morning ? Did John become a doctor or a lawyer ? Did John meet Mary or Alice ? Did John read a book or a newspaper ? Did John sit here or in the library ? Did John begin lesson eight or lesson nine ? Did John drink tea or coffee ? Did John get a chair or a table ? Did John forget a book or pencil ? Did John see a car or a train ? Did John tear his shirt or a piece of paper ? Did John wear a suit or a sportcoat ? Did John speak to George or Paul ? Did John break a cup or a plate ? Did John wake up at six o’clock or seven ? Did John write a letter or a postcard ? Did John choose a banana or an orange ? Did John take a pencil or a pen ? Did John know the verbs or the nouns ? | He ate an apple He gave a book He came last night He became a doctor He met Mary He read a book He sat here He begab lesson eight He drink tea He got a chair He forget a book He saw a car He tore his shirt He wore a suit He spoke to George He broke a cup He woke up at six He wrote a letter He chose a banana He look pencel He knew the verbs |
Exercise 10. Lisen to the statements with the adverb yesterday. Make corresponding statements about repeated action, using the adverbal every day
They came yesterday THEY COME EVERY DAY
He ate breakfast yesterday HE EATS BREAKFAST EVERY DAY
I met him yesterday I MEET HIM EVERY DAY
| 1. He gave me a cigarette yesterday 2. He read it yesterday 3. It became dark at six o’clock yesterday 4. I sat here yesterday 5. I began to write yesterday 6. I drank eight glasses of water yesterday 7. I got a letter yesterday 8. I forgot my book yesterday | 9. I saw your car yesterday 10. I tore my paper yesterday 11. I wore my new shoes yesterday 12. I spoke English yesterday 13. Mary broke some dishes yesterday 14. I woke up at six yesterday 15. We wrote letters yesterday 16. We chose a leader yesterday 17. He took his book yesterday 18. He know the lesson yesterday |
Exercise 11. Repeat the teacher’s statement and add either every day or yesterday
They write it THEY WRITE IT EVERY DAY
They wrote it THEY WROTE IT YESTERDAY
| 1. They see it 2. They saw it 3. They drink it 4. They get it 5. They took it 6. They forget it 7. They drank it | 8. They got it 9. They see it 10. They tear it 11. They tore it 12. They wear it 13. They break it 14. They choose it | 15. They chose it 16. They broke it 17. They take it 18. They wore it 19. They forgot it 20. They red it (simple present or past) |
Exercise 12. Repeat they negative statement with didn’t and add the corresponding affirmative statement, using the adverbial the morning. Do not change the tense.
| He didn’t come yesterday He didn’t give it to me yesterday I didn’t eat the pie yesterday | HE DIDN’T COME YESTERDAY HE CAME THIS MORNING HE DIDN’T GIVE IT TO ME YESTERDAY HE GAVE IT TO ME THIS MORNING I DIDN’T EAT THE PIE YESTERDAY I ATE THIS MORNING |
1. I didn’t choose the flowers yesterday
2. I didn’t break any dishes yesterday
3. I didn’t read it yesterday
4. I didn’t tear my shirt yesterday
5. He didn’t become president yesterday
6. I didn’t meet him yesterday
7. I didn’t give him any money yesterday
8. I didn’t sit here yesterday
9. They didn’t speak French yesterday
10. I didn’t begin my work yesterday
11. We didn’t forget our books yesterday
12. We didn’t sewe his wife yesterday
13. We didn’t drink drink the coffe yesterday
14. I didn’t get the letter yesterday
15. I didn’t wear my new shoes yesterday
16. I didn’t wake up at six yesterday
17. I didn’t write any letters yesterday
18. I didn’t know any answers yesterday
19. I didn’t choose the correct answer yesterday
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ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES
| Did John send a letter or a postcard ? Did John spend $ 5 or $ 10 : Did John lend a book or a newspaper ? Did John make one sandwich or two ? Did John have coffee or tea ? | He sent a letter He spent $ 5 He lent a book He made one He had coffee |
(NO DIFFERENCES) :
| Did John cut paper or cloth ? Did John put the book on the table or under it ? Did the book cost $ 3 or $ 4? | He cut paper He put it on the table It cost $ 3 |
Exercise 13. Make statements using the adverbial every day
| Mary sent a letter yesterday Mary spent $ 5 yesterday | SHE SENDS A LETTER EVERY DAY SHE SPENDS $ 5 EVERY DAY |
| 1. Mary cut the cake yesterday 2. Mary made breakfast yesterday 3. Mary had coffe yesterday | 4. Mary put the book here yesterday 5. Mary lent John her book yesterday 6. Mary spent an hour in the library yesterday |
Exercise 14. Respon with affirmative sistematis which include the adverbal on Sunday.
They didn’t send the letter on Saturday THEY SENT THE LETER ON SUNDAY
She didn’t spend the money on Saturday SHE SPENT THE MONEY ON SUNDAY
1. She didn’t cut the cake on Saturday
2. I didn’t make breakfast on Sunday
3. We didn’t have coffee on Satuday
4. We didn’t put the papers here on Saturday
5. I didn’t lend him the money on Sunday
6. The Tickets didn’t cost $ 3 on Sunday
7. They didn’t spend time in the park on Saturday
8. She didn’t make sandwiches on Saturday
Exercise 15. Free response
| What did you send ? Where did you spend $ 5 ? When did you lend it ? | I SENT A BOX I SPENT IT IN CHICAGO I LENT IT THIS MORNING |
| 1. What did you make ? 2. What did you have ? 3. What did you cut ? 4. Where did you put it ? 5. How much did it cost ? 6. Where did you send it ? 7. How much did you spend ? | 8. How much did you lend ? 9. When did you make it ? 10. When did you have it ? 11. When did you cut it ? 12. When did you put it there ? 13. When did it cost $ 5 ? |
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ILUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
| Did John do his homework last night or this morning Did John feel happy or sad ? Did John sleep until seven o’clock or night ? Did John mean “ship” or “sheep”? Did John leave early or late ? Did John say “Hello” or “How are you?” Did John go to Chicago or New York ? Did John hear a cat or dog ? Did John think fast or slowly ? Did John bring a pencil or a pen ? Did John buy a book or a magazine ? Did John teach grammar or vocabulary ? Did John tell Mary or Alice ? Did John stand here or at the door ? Did John understand every thing or only something ? | He did last night He self happy He slept until seven He meant “ship” He left early He said “Hello” He went to Chicago He heard a cat He thought fast He brought a pencil He bouht s book He tought grammar He told Mary He stood here He understand everything |
Exercise 16. Make statementsusing the adverbial every night
John did his homework last night HE DOES HIS HOMEWORK EVERY NIGHT
John felt fine last night HE FELS FNE EVERY NIGHT
1. John said “Hello” last night
2. John went to the library last night
3. John left the library at 10 o’ clock last night
4. John heard a train last night
5. John thought about his plans last night
6. John brought his friend last night
7. Mr. Miller bought some ice cream last night
8. Mr. Miller taught the new vocabulary last night
9. Mr. Miller told us the answer last night
10. Mr. Miller sold John a cup of coffe last night
11. Mr. Miller stood here last night
12. Mr. Miller understood the explanation last night
13. Mr. Miller slept well last night
Exercise 17. Listen to the negative statements. Form corresponding affirmative statemens using yesterday
They didn’t do the evcercise today THEY DID THEM YESTERDAY
I didn’t feel well today I FELT WELL YESTERDAY
He didn’t mean that today HE MEANT THAT YESTERDAY
1. They didn’t leave school at noon today
2. They didn’t say “ Thank you” today
3. He didn’t go to class today
4. We didn’t hear the speeches today
5. I didn’t think about it today
6. We didn’t bring car books today
7. We didn’t buy the books today
8. Mr. Brown didn’t teach mathematics today
9. He didn’t teel me the answers today
10. I didn’t sell him those books today
11. I didn’t stand thre today
12. The students didn’t understand today
13. I didn’t sleep today
Exercise 18. Repeat the teacher’s statement and add either every day or yesterday
They do it THEY DO IT EVERY DAY
They did it THEY DID IT YESTERDAY
| 1. They say it 2. They said it 3. They hear it 4. They heard it 5. They bring it 6. They brought it 7. They thought it | 8. They bought it 9. They teach it 10. They taught it 11. They tell it 12. They told it 13. They sold it 14. They send it | 15. They sent it 16. They lend it 17. The spent it 18. They make it 19. They lent it 20. They made it |
Exercise 19. Review exercise
Did he give Alice YES, HE GAVE HER SOME, BUT HE DIDN’T
any stamps ? GIVE ME ANY
Did he send Alice YES, HE SENT HER SOME, BUT HE DIDN’T
any postcards ? SEND ME ANY
| 1. Did he lend Alice any money ? 2. Did he tell Alice any stories ? 3. Did he teach Alice any new word ? 4. Did he give Alice any books ? 5. Did he write Alice any letters ? | 6. Did he bring Alice any food ? 7. Did he buy Alice any ice cream ? 8. Did he sell Alice any tickets ? 9. Did he cut Alice any cake ? 10. Did he make Alice any sandwiches ? |
Exercise 20. Summary exercise
I wanted breakfast yesterday
Ate I ATE BREAKFAST YESTERDAY
Every day I EAT BREAKFAST EVERY DAY
Make I MAKE BREAKFAST EVERY DAY
Coffee I MAKE COFFE EVERY DAY
We WE MAKE COFFEE EVERY DAY
| 1. Yesterday 2. Had 3. Every day 4. Drink 5. Yesterday 6. Every morning 7. Bring | 8. Yesterday 9. Bought 10. A cat 11. Every year 12. I 13. Sell 14. A year ago | 15. He 16. Every year 17. Chooses 18. Several days ago 19. Saw 20. Every 5 minutes |
For more complete practice continue the exercise with these substitutions : a letter, writer, two weeks ago, got, every week, read, a book, yesterday, the book, forgot, every morning, I, the answer, yesterday, knew, now, a week ago, heard, the speech, every month, yesterday, understood, now, all speeches, every speech, a year ago, English, spoke, every day, teach, a year ago, wrote, a letter, began, every day, send, yesterday, some paper, lent, every day, cut, yesterday, tore, this shirt, every week, wear, a week ago, took, my friend, every day, meet, a year ago, left, New York, they, every day, see, a lot of money, give, a year ago, apent, every year, lend,cost, it, a year ago, meant, every year, a lot of food, needs, he, eats, yesterday, we some food, I, had, a pain, felt, every day, have, a problem, study, do, yesterday, had, a typewriter, broke, every month, yesterday, saw, a desk, a doctor, told, a lawyer, every year, a year ago, became, they, were, he.
(Continue the exercise with this sentence, “We come here every day”.)
| 1. Yesterday 2. Sat 3. Every Morning 4. Wake Up 5. A Week Ago | 6. Slept 7. Every Night 8. There 9. Go 10. Yesterdau | 11. Stood 12. Every Day 13. I 14. Put It 15. A Week Ago |
Lesson 9
A. Adverbs of manner : correctly, well, etc
B. Noun prase + modifier : the chair near the door
C. Wh-questions : Who does Mary see ? Who sees Mary ?
A.1. Notice the use of adverbs of manner and abjectives
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